According to the chemiosmotic theory, ATP is synthesised when
- A. electrons are transferred directly to ADP
- B. protons flow back into the matrix through ATP synthase
- C. NADH transfers a phosphate group to ADP
- D. oxygen binds to ADP in the matrix
Explanation
Electron transport pumps protons out of the matrix into the intermembrane space, creating an electrochemical gradient, and the energy released as those protons flow back through the ATP synthase channel drives the phosphorylation of ADP. Nothing is transferred directly from an electron or from NADH to ADP, which is the difference between oxidative and substrate level phosphorylation.
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