An optical fibre transmits light along its length by

  • A. repeated total internal reflection at the core cladding boundary
  • B. repeated refraction out of the fibre
  • C. conducting electricity
  • D. absorbing and re-emitting the light

Explanation

The core has a higher refractive index than the cladding, so light striking the boundary beyond the critical angle is reflected without loss and zigzags along even when the fibre bends. This carries far more information than a copper cable and is immune to electrical interference. Endoscopes use bundles of such fibres to see inside the body.

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