Statements: All doctors are graduates. No graduate is illiterate. Which conclusion follows?
- A. Some doctors are illiterate
- B. No doctor is illiterate
- C. All graduates are doctors
- D. Some graduates are illiterate
Explanation
Doctors lie wholly within graduates, and graduates are wholly excluded from the illiterate group, so doctors are excluded too. The third option reverses the first premise, which is invalid, and the fourth contradicts the second premise outright. Chaining an all statement with a no statement always yields a no conclusion.
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