Free Coordination and Control MCQs with Answers

61. Insulin is produced by

• A. Alpha cells
• B. Beta cells
• C. Delta cells
• D. Acinar cells

Explanation: Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce insulin in response to high blood glucose.

62. Thyroid hormones regulate

• A. Only growth
• B. Basal metabolic rate
• C. Only blood pressure
• D. Only digestion

Explanation: T3 and T4 regulate basal metabolic rate (BMR), growth, development, and body temperature.

63. Cortisol is produced by

• A. Adrenal medulla
• B. Adrenal cortex
• C. Anterior pituitary
• D. Thyroid

Explanation: Cortisol (a glucocorticoid) is produced by the adrenal cortex, especially in response to stress.

64. The posterior pituitary releases

• A. GH and TSH
• B. ADH and oxytocin
• C. ACTH and FSH
• D. Prolactin and LH

Explanation: The posterior pituitary stores and releases ADH and oxytocin, which are produced in the hypothalamus.

65. Goiter is caused by

• A. Excess iodine
• B. Iodine deficiency
• C. Excess calcium
• D. Vitamin D deficiency

Explanation: Iodine deficiency causes goiter (enlarged thyroid) as the gland tries to compensate for insufficient T3/T4 production.

66. Steroid hormones act by

• A. Binding cell surface receptors
• B. Binding intracellular receptors
• C. Opening ion channels
• D. Activating second messengers

Explanation: Steroid hormones (lipid-soluble) diffuse through membranes and bind intracellular receptors that regulate gene transcription.

67. Type 1 diabetes is caused by

• A. Insulin resistance
• B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
• C. Excess insulin
• D. Pituitary tumor

Explanation: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where beta cells are destroyed, requiring insulin injections.

68. Calcitonin lowers blood calcium by

• A. Increasing bone resorption
• B. Decreasing bone resorption
• C. Increasing calcium absorption
• D. Decreasing calcium excretion

Explanation: Calcitonin from the thyroid inhibits osteoclasts, decreasing bone resorption and lowering blood calcium.

69. The stress hormone adrenaline causes all EXCEPT

• A. Increased heart rate
• B. Bronchodilation
• C. Glycogenolysis
• D. Decreased blood pressure

Explanation: Adrenaline increases (not decreases) blood pressure through vasoconstriction and increased cardiac output.

70. Which part of brain controls transition between sleeping and wakefulness?

• A. Medulla oblongata
• B. Cerebellum
• C. Cerebrum
• D. Pons

Explanation: The pons contains the centres that switch the brain between sleep and wakefulness and it also regulates the rhythm of breathing alongside the medulla. The medulla is the tempting answer because it too is part of the brain stem, but its role is the automatic control of heart rate, breathing and blood vessel diameter. The cerebellum handles balance and coordination and takes no part in the sleep cycle.