Soap is manufactured by the alkaline hydrolysis of

  • A. ethanol
  • B. benzene
  • C. starch
  • D. natural fats and oils, which are esters of glycerol

Explanation

Boiling a fat with sodium hydroxide splits the three ester linkages and gives sodium salts of long chain fatty acids, the soap, together with glycerol as a valuable by product. Soap cleans because the hydrocarbon tail dissolves in grease while the ionic head remains in the water. Using potassium hydroxide instead gives a softer, more soluble soap.

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