The hydrolysis of an ester with hot sodium hydroxide solution is called saponification and gives

  • A. the carboxylic acid and an alkene
  • B. an aldehyde and water
  • C. the sodium salt of the acid and an alcohol
  • D. an amide and hydrogen

Explanation

Alkaline hydrolysis produces the carboxylate salt rather than the free acid, and because that salt cannot react back with the alcohol the reaction goes to completion, unlike acidic hydrolysis which is reversible. When the ester is a natural fat the sodium salt produced is soap, which is the origin of the name. Glycerol is the alcohol released in that case.

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