Statements: All P are Q. All Q are R. Conclusion: Some R are P. This conclusion is
- A. valid
- B. invalid
- C. contradictory
- D. unrelated
Explanation
The chain places P inside R, and since P is a non empty class, it follows that at least some R are P. This move from a universal to a particular is valid in traditional syllogistic logic, which assumes the classes have members. The stronger claim that all R are P would not follow.
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