Total internal reflection can occur only when light travels from

  • A. a less dense to a denser medium at any angle
  • B. a denser to a less dense medium at an angle greater than the critical angle
  • C. a vacuum into glass
  • D. any medium at normal incidence

Explanation

Both conditions are needed: the second medium must be optically less dense, and the angle of incidence must exceed the critical angle, which is about 42 degrees for glass to air. This is the principle behind optical fibres, prismatic binoculars and the sparkle of a cut diamond. At normal incidence there is no refraction to suppress.

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