Quaternary structure is maintained by:
Correct answer: D. Ionic bonds, Hydrogen bonds and Hydrophobic interaction
- A. Ionic bonds
- B. Hydrophobic interaction
- C. Hydrogen bonds
- D. Ionic bonds, Hydrogen bonds and Hydrophobic interaction
Explanation
Quaternary structure is maintained by ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions. Ionic bonds are formed between oppositely charged amino acids. Hydrogen bonds are formed between hydrogen atoms that are covalently bonded to electronegative atoms, such as oxygen or nitrogen. Hydrophobic interactions are formed between nonpolar amino acids that are repelled by water. All three of these types of interactions play a role in stabilizing the quaternary structure of proteins. Ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds are relatively strong interactions, while hydrophobic interactions are weaker. However, hydrophobic interactions can be very important for stabilizing the quaternary structure of proteins that contain a large number of nonpolar amino acids.
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The chapter covers water's polarity and biological roles, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, including their monomers, bonds, structures and functions. It also distinguishes RNA from DNA and explains conjugated molecules such as glycoproteins, glycolipids and nucleoproteins, which combine organic molecules with a non-protein component.
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