Which of the following best describes how chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle during mitosis?
Correct answer: D. Both (A) and (B)
- A. The chromosomes are "reeled in" by the contraction of spindle microtubules
- B. Motor proteins of the kinetochores move the chromosomes along the spindle microtubules
- C. Non-kinetochore spindle fibers serve to push chromosomes in the direction of the poles
- D. Both (A) and (B)
Explanation
During mitosis, motor proteins associated with the kinetochores of chromosomes interact with microtubules of the spindle apparatus. These motor proteins use energy from ATP hydrolysis to move chromosomes along the spindle microtubules towards the poles.During anaphase of mitosis, the sister chromatids separate and are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of spindle microtubules. Motor proteins attached to the kinetochores of the chromosomes walk along the microtubules, pulling the chromosomes toward the poles.
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Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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