Which one of the following is now being commercially produced by biotechnological procedures?
Correct answer: D. Insulin
- A. Nicotine
- B. Morphine
- C. Quinine
- D. Insulin
Explanation
Insulin is now being commercially produced by genetic engineering. Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains: chain A and chain B, that are linked together by disulfide bonds. Insulin, in mammals, is synthesized as a prohormone which contains an extra stretch called the C-peptide.In 1988 an American company prepared functional insulin from two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human insulin and introduced them in plasmids of E.coli to produce insulin chains. In this way, chains A and B were produced separately which was extracted, combined by creating disulfide bonds to get human insulin.
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Biotechnology in health care applies biological organisms, cells or enzymes to diagnose and treat disease. The subject includes recombinant DNA, genetically engineered insulin, vaccines, antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy and techniques such as polymerase chain reaction, while distinguishing therapeutic applications from agricultural and industrial biotechnology.
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