All Free Biology MCQs with Answers

1571. Chromatid is _________ ?

• A. One half of chromosome
• B. Haploid chromosome
• C. Complete chromosome
• D. Duplicate chromosome

Explanation: After DNA replication, a chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids joined at the centromere, so one chromatid forms one half of the duplicated chromosome. Students may choose “duplicate chromosome” because a chromatid contains a duplicate DNA molecule, but a chromatid is not the whole duplicated chromosome.

1572. A giant chromosome with a number of chromonemeta is ________ ?

• A. Lampbrush chromosome
• B. Hetero chromosome
• C. Supernumerary chromosome
• D. Polytene chromosome

Explanation: A polytene chromosome is a giant chromosome formed by repeated DNA replication without cell division, producing many aligned chromonemata or chromatids. Students may choose a lampbrush chromosome because it is also unusually large, but lampbrush chromosomes have extended loops and are not characterized by numerous parallel chromonemata in the same way.

1573. Y-chromosome is _________?

• A. Acrocentric
• B. Telocentric
• C. Submetacentric
• D. Acentric

Explanation: The human Y chromosome is generally classified as acrocentric because its centromere lies close to one end, producing one very short arm and one long arm. Students may choose telocentric because the centromere appears very near the end, but a true telocentric chromosome has the centromere at the terminal end, which the human Y chromosome does not.

1574. X-chrosome is _________?

• A. Telocentric
• B. Submetacentric
• C. Acrocentric
• D. Acentric

Explanation: The human X chromosome is classified as submetacentric because its centromere is slightly away from the middle, giving arms of unequal length. Students may choose metacentric if they treat the arms as equal, but the centromere of the X chromosome is not exactly central.

1575. Homologous chrosomes which are present in male and female both are known a _________?

• A. Heterosomes
• B. Replosomes
• C. Androsomes
• D. Autosomes

Explanation: Autosomes are homologous chromosome pairs found in both males and females and are not the sex chromosomes. Students may choose heterosomes because that term refers to sex chromosomes, such as X and Y, rather than the chromosomes shared by both sexes.

1576. In chrosomes, the material controlling heredity is ________ ?

• A. DNA
• B. Histones
• C. Chromocentres
• D. RNA

Explanation: DNA is the hereditary material in chromosomes because its nucleotide sequence stores the instructions transmitted from parents to offspring. Histones help package DNA, but they do not carry the genetic code, so students may select histones if they confuse structural support with genetic information.

1577. The function of chrosomes of carrying genetic information from cell generation to another is performed by _________?

• A. RNA
• B. DNA
• C. Histones
• D. Calcium

Explanation: DNA performs the information-carrying role of chromosomes because its replicated sequences can be passed to daughter cells during cell division. Histones are associated with chromosome structure, so they may be chosen by students who mistake chromosome packaging for inheritance.

1578. The chromosomes as thread like structures in nucleus was first described by ________?

• A. Mendel
• B. Strasburger
• C. Darwin
• D. Levitzky

Explanation: Strasburger was among the early scientists who described chromosomes as thread-like structures in the nucleus during cell division. Students may choose Mendel because of his work on heredity, but Mendel studied inheritance patterns rather than first describing chromosome morphology.

1579. Lampbrush chromosomes are found inside _______?

• A. Salvary glands of Drosophila
• B. Salvary gland of silk moth
• C. Oocytes of frog
• D. Nucleus of man

Explanation: Lampbrush chromosomes occur in the oocytes of frogs and other vertebrates, where their extended loops support intense RNA production during egg development. The salivary glands of Drosophila contain polytene chromosomes, not lampbrush chromosomes, so that option is a common mix-up.

1580. A normal metaphase chromosome with a midial centromere is ________?

• A. Metacentric
• B. Sub-metacentric
• C. Acrocentric
• D. Telocentric

Explanation: A chromosome with a centromere in the middle has two approximately equal arms and is called metacentric. A sub-metacentric chromosome has a slightly off-centre centromere, so students may select it if they overlook the word medial or middle.