All Free Biology MCQs with Answers

• A. Callous
• B. Totipotent
• C. Clone
• D. None of the above

Explanation: An isolated cell that is able to produce a fertile adult individual. An isolated cell is transferred to a uterus (after inserting into an empty zona pellucida or after developing to the blastocyst stage in culture) and it gives rise to a fertile adult. Zygotes.

• A. J. Craig Venter
• B. Hamilton
• C. Sanger
• D. F.C. Steward

Explanation: Cornell botanist F.C. Steward grew a complete carrot plant from a tiny piece of phloem. He provided the cells with sugars, minerals, and vitamins, but he also added coconut milk. (Later it was discovered that coconut milk contains the plant hormone cytokinin). When the cultured cells began dividing, they produced a callus, an undifferentiated group of cells.

• A. Sugars
• B. Vitamins
• C. Coconut milk
• D. All of the above

Explanation: Cornell botanist F.C. Steward grew a complete carrot plant from a tiny piece of phloem. He provided the cells with sugars, minerals, and vitamins, but he also added coconut milk. (Later it was discovered that coconut milk contains the plant hormone cytokinin). When the cultured cells began dividing, they produced a callus, an undifferentiated group of cells.

• A. Callus
• B. Totipotent
• C. Clone
• D. None of the above

Explanation: Thus, callus cultures are basically clumps of cells raised due to disorganized proliferation of cells from the segment of plant organs. In this technique plant cells propagate on suitable media to form clumps of undifferentiated cells called callus.

• A. Callus
• B. Seedling
• C. Clonal
• D. Somaclonal

Explanation: When cells divide by mitosis two genetically identical, therefore clonal, daughter cells are produced. Cells in a person's body are usually clonal (as they arose from a single cell) and populations of bacteria and viruses are also often clonal.

• A. Callous
• B. Seedling
• C. Clonal plant
• D. Adult plant

Explanation: Another advantage of meristem culture is that meristem, unlike other portions of a plant, it is virus free, therefore the plants produced are also virus free (The presence of plant viruses weakens plants and makes them less productive).

• A. Protoplasm
• B. Cytoplasm
• C. Protoplast
• D. Callus

Explanation: They are isolated cells, whose cell wall is withdrawn and are enveloped by plasmalemma. They can be the cells of fungi, plants, or bacteria. They are also known as naked cells.

• A. Callus
• B. Seedling
• C. Clonal
• D. Clump of cells

Explanation: The protoplasts regenerate a new cell wall and begin to divide. These clumps of cells can be manipulated to produce somatic embryos.

• A. Callus
• B. Somatic embryo
• C. Clonal plant
• D. Adult plant

Explanation: The protoplasts regenerate a new cell wall and begin to divide. These clumps of cells can be manipulated to produce somatic embryos. Somatic embryos that are encapsulated in a protective hydrated gel (and sometimes called artificial seeds) can be shipped everywhere.

• A. Seeds
• B. Artificial seed
• C. Clonal plant
• D. Clumps of cells

Explanation: Synthetic seeds are artificially encapsulated plant propagation material. This material could be somatic embryos, shoot buds, cell aggregates, or any other tissue that we can use as a seed for propagation. Synthetic seed technology primarily involves encapsulating somatic embryos in a protective coating.