Free Kingdom Plantae MCQs with Answers

51. Plant group with largest ovule, largest tree, and largest gametes is

• A. Gymnosperm
• B. Angiosperm
• C. Bryophyta
• D. Pteridophyta

Explanation: The plant group with the largest ovule, largest tree, and largest gametes is Gymnosperms. a. Gymnosperms, such as conifers and cycads, typically have the largest ovules among plants. Gymnosperms produce seeds in cones, and these seeds are exposed on the surface of cone scales, which is why they are considered "naked." Some of the largest trees, like the giant sequoias and certain species of pine trees, are gymnosperms. Gymnosperms have relatively large male gametes (sperm cells) in the form of pollen grains, and these are indeed among the largest gametes in the plant kingdom. So, Gymnosperms meet all three criteria for having the largest ovule, largest tree, and largest gametes among the provided options. Other options are explained below: b. Angiosperm: Ovule: Angiosperms have enclosed seeds within fruits, and the ovules are enclosed within the ovary of the flower. Tree Size: While angiosperms can include large trees, the statement refers to the "largest" tree, which is more characteristic of certain gymnosperms. c. Bryophyta (Mosses): Ovule: Bryophytes do not produce seeds or have ovules in the same sense as seed plants. Tree Size: Bryophytes are non-vascular plants and do not grow into large trees. They are typically small and found in moist environments. d. Pteridophyta (Ferns): Ovule: Ferns also do not produce seeds but reproduce through spores in structures called sporangia. Tree Size: While some tree ferns can attain considerable height, they are not known for having the "largest" trees.

52. The antherozoids of Funaria are

• A. Multiciliated
• B. Monociliated
• C. Aciliated
• D. Biciliated

Explanation: d. Antherozoids of Funaria are of biciliated type. Biciliated antherozoids have two cilia, which are specialized hair-like structures, that help in their movement through a film of water to reach and fertilize the archegonia in Funaria. This is a characteristic feature of the reproductive biology of mosses like Funaria. Other options are explained below: a. Multiciliated: This option indicates the presence of multiple cilia or flagella. While some organisms may have multiciliated structures, it doesn't apply to Funaria's antherozoids. b. Monociliated: This option implies that the antherozoids have a single cilium or flagellum. However, in the case of Funaria, they are biciliated. c. Aciliated: This option suggests the absence of cilia or flagella. This is not applicable to Funaria, as its antherozoids do have flagella for movement.

53. Bryophytes comprise

• A. Dominant phase of gametophyte which produces spores
• B. Small sporophyte phase and generally parasitic on gametophyte
• C. Sporophyte is of longer duration
• D. Dominant phase of sporophyte which is parasitic.

Explanation: A.Dominant phase of gametophyte which produces spores: This statement is incorrect for bryophytes. In bryophytes, the dominant phase of the life cycle is the gametophyte, but it produces gametes, not spores. The sporophyte phase is relatively short-lived and dependent on the gametophyte. B. Small sporophyte phase and generally parasitic on gametophyte (Correct Option): This accurately describes bryophytes. Bryophytes have a small sporophyte phase that remains attached to and relies on the gametophyte for nutrition. It's not an independent, free-living phase. C. Sporophyte is of longer duration: This statement is not accurate for bryophytes. As mentioned earlier, the sporophyte phase in bryophytes is relatively short-lived compared to the dominant gametophyte phase. D. Dominant phase of sporophyte which is parasitic: This is not true for bryophytes. The dominant phase in bryophytes is the gametophyte, and the sporophyte is not parasitic but attached to and nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte. Summary: Bryophytes are characterized by a small sporophyte phase, which is generally parasitic on the gametophyte. The gametophyte phase is the dominant and independent phase in the life cycle of bryophytes. This is what distinguishes bryophytes from other plant groups.

54. In which of the following would you place the plants having vascular tissue lacking seeds?

• A. Pteridophytes
• B. Gymnosperms
• C. Algae
• D. Bryophytes

Explanation: The plants having vascular tissue lacking seeds would be placed in the category of Pteridophytes. Pteridophytes are vascular plants that reproduce through spores and do not produce seeds. Examples of pteridophytes include ferns and horsetails. Here's a brief explanation of the other options: Gymnosperms: Gymnosperms are vascular plants that do produce seeds but not enclosed within fruits. Instead, their seeds are exposed, often on the surface of cones or other structures. Algae: Algae are primarily non-vascular plants and do not possess vascular tissue. They do not produce seeds or spores in the same way that pteridophytes or gymnosperms do. Bryophytes: Bryophytes are non-vascular plants like mosses and liverworts. They also reproduce through spores and do not produce seeds. So, among the options provided, pteridophytes are the group of plants with vascular tissue but lacking seeds.

55. Which of the following is true about bryophytes?

• A. They are thalloid.
• B. They posses archegonia.
• C. They contain chloroplast.
• D. All of these

Explanation: All of these is the correct answer because all three statements are true for bryophytes: They possess archegonia: Bryophytes have specialized structures called archegonia, which are the female reproductive structures responsible for producing and sheltering the eggs. They are thalloid: While not all bryophytes have a thalloid structure, some do. A "thalloid" refers to a flattened, undifferentiated plant body that lacks true stems, leaves, or roots. Thalloid bryophytes include some liverworts. They contain chloroplasts: Bryophytes, in general, contain chloroplasts that enable them to perform photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy through photosynthesis. So, "all of these" is the correct option because it accurately describes various characteristics of bryophytes.

56. Dichotomous branching is found in

• A. Liverworts
• B. Pteridophytes
• C. Fern
• D. Funaria

Explanation: a. Dichotomous branching is found in Liverworts. This is a characteristic feature of many liverworts, where the main stem divides into two equal branches, resembling a Y-shaped structure. Pteridophytes, ferns, and Funaria (a moss) typically do not exhibit dichotomous branching. Other options are explained below: b. Pteridophytes (Ferns): Ferns typically exhibit a different type of branching called "pinnate" or "feathery" branching. The fronds or leaves of ferns are often divided into smaller leaflets arranged along a central axis. c. Ferns: Ferns, belonging to the group of vascular plants known as Pteridophytes, are characterized by a unique type of branching called pinnate branching. In ferns, the leaves, also known as fronds, are typically divided into smaller leaflets arranged along a central axis. This arrangement gives the appearance of a feather-like structure. d. Funaria (Mosses): Mosses usually have a simple, unbranched or sparingly branched structure. The main axis of the moss gametophyte does not show extensive branching patterns.

57. Bryophytes are dependent on water, because

• A. Water is essential for their vegetative propagation
• B. The sperms can easily reach upto egg in the archegonium
• C. Archegonium has to remain filled with water for fertilization
• D. Water is essential for fertilization for their homosporous nature

Explanation: The correct option is: b. The sperms can easily reach up to the egg in the archegonium: Bryophytes, such as mosses, depend on water for the mobility of their flagellated sperm cells to reach the egg within the archegonium. The presence of water is crucial to facilitate the movement of sperm to the egg for fertilization. Other options are explained below: a. Archegonium has to remain filled with water for fertilization: This statement is correct. The archegonium provides a protected environment for the eggs, and water is essential for the movement of sperms to reach the eggs for fertilization.structures like gemmae or fragmentation, not necessarily dependent on water. c. Archegonium has to remain filled with water for fertilization: This statement is correct. The archegonium provides a protected environment for the eggs, and water is essential for the movement of sperms to reach the eggs for fertilization. d. Water is essential for fertilization for their homosporous nature: This statement is partially correct. The homosporous nature of bryophytes means that they produce spores of similar size and function, but it doesn't necessarily imply a direct dependence on water for fertilization. While water is crucial for the dispersal of spores and the process of fertilization, especially in the case of mosses and liverworts, it's not solely linked to their homosporous nature. The need for water is primarily associated with the mobility of sperm to reach the egg during fertilization.

58. The walking fern is so named because

• A. it propagates vegetatively by its leaf tips
• B. It knows how to walk by itself
• C. Its spores are able to walk
• D. It is dispersed through the agency of walking animals.

Explanation: a. The walking fern (Asplenium rhizophyllum) is named for its unique method of vegetative propagation, which is the correct answer: It propagates vegetatively by its leaf tips. The walking fern produces new plantlets at the tips of its fronds, and as these plantlets grow, the older fronds appear to "walk" as the new growth extends outward, giving it its distinctive name. This is an interesting method of asexual reproduction in this fern species. Other options are explained below: b. It knows how to walk by itself: This is not accurate. The walking fern doesn't have the ability to move on its own. Its method of "walking" is through the propagation of plantlets at the tips of its fronds. c. Its spores are able to walk: Spores of ferns are typically dispersed by wind. While spores play a role in the reproduction of ferns, they don't "walk" in the literal sense. d. It is dispersed through the agency of walking animals: The walking fern is not primarily dispersed by walking animals. Its propagation is more closely associated with the growth of new plantlets from the tips of its fronds.

59. An alga, very rich in protein, is

• A. Chlorella
• B. Nostoc
• C. Spirogyra
• D. Ulothrix

Explanation: a. The alga that is known for being very rich in protein is Chlorella. Chlorella is a green microalga that is often used as a dietary supplement due to its high protein content and nutritional value. It is considered a good source of plant-based protein and is used in various forms, including powders and supplements, to provide essential amino acids and other nutrients. b.Nostoc is a genus of cyanobacteria, commonly known as blue-green algae. While it is a valuable component of aquatic ecosystems and plays a role in nitrogen fixation, it is not primarily known for its protein content. Nostoc can be consumed and is sometimes used in traditional cuisines, but it's not as rich in protein as Chlorella. c.Spirogyra is a type of filamentous green alga. It is not particularly known for its protein content, and it is not commonly used as a protein source. Instead, Spirogyra is often studied for its unique spiral chloroplast structure, which is a distinguishing feature. d. Ulothrix is another filamentous green alga. It is not typically regarded as rich in protein compared to Chlorella. Ulothrix is more commonly studied in the context of its morphology and life cycle.

60. Bryophytes can be separated from algae, because they

• A. Possess archegonia
• B. Contain chloroplast
• C. Are thalloid forms
• D. Have no conducting tissue

Explanation: Bryophytes, such as mosses and liverworts, possess specialized structures called archegonia, which are involved in the fertilization process. These archegonia are a key characteristic that distinguishes bryophytes from algae and plays a crucial role in their reproductive cycle.