Free Kingdom Plantae MCQs with Answers

81. In Pinus/gymnosperms, the haploid structure are

• A. Megaspore, endosperm and embryo
• B. Megaspore, pollen grain and endosperm
• C. Megaspore, integument and root
• D. Pollen grain, leaf and root

Explanation: The haploid structures in Pinus/gymnosperms are megaspore, pollen grain, and endosperm. Megaspore: The megaspore is a haploid cell that is produced by meiosis in the ovule. It develops into the female gametophyte. Pollen grain: The pollen grain is a haploid cell that is produced by meiosis in the microsporangium. It develops into the male gametophyte. Endosperm: The endosperm is a triploid tissue that is produced by the fusion of a male gamete and two female nuclei. It provides nourishment to the developing embryo.

82. Sperms of both Funaria and Pteris were released together near the archegonia of Pteris. Only its sperms enter the archegonia as

• A. Pteris archegonia repel Funaria sperms
• B. Funaria sperms get killed by Pteris sperms
• C. Funaria sperms are less mobile
• D. Pteris archegonia release chemical to attract its sperms.

Explanation: The correct answer is Pteris archegonia release chemical to attract its sperms. Archegonia are female reproductive organs in plants. They produce eggs and attract sperm cells for fertilization. Pteris archegonia release a chemical called chemoattractant to attract its sperm cells. This chemical is specific to Pteris sperm cells, so it does not attract Funaria sperm cells. Incorrect options: A. Pteris archegonia repel Funaria sperms: This is not correct. Pteris archegonia do not actively repel Funaria sperm cells. B. Funaria sperms get killed by Pteris sperms: This is also not correct. There is no evidence that Pteris sperm cells can kill Funaria sperm cells. C. Funaria sperms are less mobile: This is not necessarily true. Funaria sperm cells can be just as mobile as Pteris sperm cells.

83. Evolutionary important character of Selaginella is

• A. Heterospory
• B. Rhizophore
• C. Strobili
• D. Ligule

Explanation: The evolutionary important character of Selaginella is heterospory.Heterospory is the production of two different types of spores: microspores and megaspores. Microspores are smaller and produce male gametophytes, while megaspores are larger and produce female gametophytes. Heterospory is a significant evolutionary advancement because it allows for the development of seeds.Rhizophore is a modified root that helps Selaginella to anchor itself to the ground.Strobili are cone-like structures that contain the spores of Selaginella.Ligule is a small tongue-like structure that is found at the base of the leaves of Selaginella.

84. In Pinus/Cycas/gymnosperms, the endosperm is

• A. Triploid
• B. Haploid
• C. Diploid
• D. Tetraploid

Explanation: The endosperm in Pinus/Cycas/gymnosperms is haploid.The endosperm is a tissue that provides nutrients to the developing embryo. It is formed by the fusion of a male gamete and a female nucleus. In gymnosperms, the female nucleus is haploid, so the endosperm is also haploid.

85. Prothallus(gametophyte) gives rise to fern plant(sporophyte) without fertilization. It is

• A. Apospory
• B. Apogamy
• C. Parthenocarpy
• D. Parthenogenesis.

Explanation: The correct answer is Apogamy. Apospory is the development of a sporophyte from a gametophyte without fertilization. It is a type of asexual reproduction. Apogamy is the development of a sporophyte from the female gametophyte without fertilization. It is a type of asexual reproduction. Parthenocarpy is the development of a fruit without fertilization. It is a type of asexual reproduction. Parthenogenesis is the development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg. It is a type of asexual reproduction.

86. Sexual reproduction involving fusion of two cells in Chlamydomonas is

• A. Isogamy
• B. Homogamy
• C. Somatogamy
• D. Hologamy

Explanation: The sexual reproduction in Chlamydomonas involving fusion of two cells is isogamy. Isogamy is a type of sexual reproduction in which the gametes are identical in size, shape, and structure. In Chlamydomonas, the gametes are motile and have two flagella. When two gametes fuse, they form a zygote. Homogamy is a type of sexual reproduction in which the gametes are similar in size, shape, and structure, but they have different physiological properties. For example, the gametes may be different in their ability to produce pheromones or to respond to pheromones. Somatogamy is a type of sexual reproduction in which the entire organisms fuse to form a zygote. This type of sexual reproduction is common in algae and fungi. Hologamy is a type of sexual reproduction in which the gametes are morphologically distinct, but they are physiologically similar. For example, the gametes may be different in size, but they have the same ability to produce pheromones and to respond to pheromones.

87. Coconut fruit is a

• A. Berry
• B. Nut
• C. Capsule
• D. Drupe

Explanation: A coconut fruit is a drupe.A drupe is a type of fruit that has a hard, stony endocarp (pit) surrounding the seed. The endocarp is surrounded by the fleshy mesocarp, which is often edible. The outermost layer of the fruit is the exocarp, which is typically thin and leathery.Other examples of drupes include peaches, plums, cherries, olives, and mangoes. Incorrect options: Berry: A berry is a type of fruit that has a soft, fleshy pericarp (fruit wall) and seeds that are embedded in the pulp. Nut: A nut is a type of fruit that has a hard, dry pericarp and a single seed that is not attached to the pericarp. Capsule: A capsule is a type of dry fruit that splits open along predetermined suture lines to release its seeds.

88. Radial symmetry is found in the flowers of

• A. Brassica
• B. Trifolium
• C. Pisum
• D. Cassia

Explanation: Radial symmetry is found in the flowers of Brassica.Brassica is a genus of plants that includes cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and kale. The flowers of Brassica plants have four petals that are arranged in a cross-shaped pattern. The petals are also the same size and shape, which gives the flowers radial symmetry. Trifolium, Pisum, and Cassia all have zygomorphic symmetry, which means that their flowers are not symmetrical along any axis. The flowers of these plants are typically arranged in clusters, and they have different shaped petals. For example, the flowers of Trifolium (clover) have three petals that are arranged in a butterfly-shaped pattern.

89. Stems modified into flat green organs performing the functions of leaves are known

• A. Phylloclades
• B. Scales
• C. Cladodes
• D. Phyllodes

Explanation: (a) : Phylloclades are flattened green stems which have taken over the function of photosynthesis while cladodes are only the branches of stem that are modified to take over the function of leaves. Cladodes may not be flattened as in Ruscus aculeatus, cladodes are leaf­like with spiny tip whereas in Asparagus, they are slightly flattened, fleshy, straight or curved pointed structures which develop in clusters in the axil of scale leaves.

90. Free­central placentation is found in

• A. Dianthus
• B. Argemone
• C. Brassica
• D. Citrus

Explanation: The correct answer is Dianthus. Dianthus: In Dianthus, also known as carnations, the ovary has a single chamber, and the ovules are borne on a central column that arises from the base of the ovary. This arrangement is known as free-central placentation. The ovules are not attached to the ovary wall, but instead, they are attached to the central column by short stalks. This type of placentation is relatively rare in flowering plants. Argemone: Argemone, commonly known as Mexican prickly poppy, exhibits parietal placentation. In parietal placentation, the ovules are borne on the inner walls of the ovary, which are divided into several compartments or chambers by partitions called septa. The ovules are attached to the septa by short stalks. This type of placentation is more common than free-central placentation. Brassica: Brassica, including cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and kale, also exhibits parietal placentation. Similar to Argemone, the ovules in Brassica are borne on the inner walls of the ovary, which are divided into two chambers by a septum. The ovules are attached to the septum by short stalks. Citrus: Citrus fruits, such as oranges, lemons, and grapefruits, have axile placentation. In axile placentation, the ovules are borne on the central axis of the ovary, which is connected to the ovary wall by partitions called septa. The septa divide the ovary into several chambers, and the ovules are attached to the septa by short stalks. Axile placentation is the most common type of placentation in flowering plants.