Free Kingdom Prokaryotae MCQs with Answers

61. The first bacteria ever to be isolated is?

• A. Coccus
• B. Spirochete
• C. Vibrio
• D. Bacillus

Explanation: Bacillus, (genus Bacillus), any of a genus of rod-shaped, gram-positive, aerobic or (under some conditions) anaerobic bacteria widely found in soil and water. The term bacillus has been applied in a general sense to all cylindrical or rodlike bacteriaThe first bacteria ever to be isolated is Bacillus" anthracis by Rober Koch about 1877.

62. Robert Koch discovered bacteria that causes:

• A. Tuberculosis and typhoid
• B. Tuberculosis and measels
• C. Tuberculosis and cholera
• D. All of the above

Explanation: Robert Koch discovered the anthrax disease cycle and the bacteria responsible for "tuberculosis and cholera".Option A,B and D are incorrect

63. The two domains to which prokaryotes are classified into are which of the following?

• A. Bacteria and Protista
• B. Archaea and Eukarya
• C. Eukarya and Monera
• D. Eubacteria and archaea

Explanation: d) Eubacteria and Archaea: This option is correct. Eubacteria, also known as true bacteria, is a group of prokaryotes that are common and widely studied.

64. Flagella are basically composed of a:

• A. Protein
• B. Chemical
• C. Enzyme
• D. None of the above options are correct

Explanation: Flagella are made up of a protein called flagellin, which forms long filaments that are the structural backbone of the flagellum.

65. Which of the following is basic function of bacterial slime and capsule?

• A. Protection from enviroment
• B. Protection from engulfment
• C. Protection from osmotic lysis
• D. All of the above

Explanation: The capsule is tightly bound to the bacterial cell. It is a part of the cell envelope. It protects cells from engulfment by eukaryotic cells such as macrophages and it also protects the cells from pathogenicity.

66. Microbiologists place bacteria in the following major catogories:

• A. Archaebacteria and vibrio bacteria
• B. Eubacteria and Streptococus
• C. Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
• D. Cyanobacteria and Archaebacteria

Explanation: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria are the two main domains of prokaryotic organisms.Eubacteria are the most familiar type of bacteria that live in a wide range of habitats, including soil, water, and human bodies. They have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, which makes them structurally different from Archaea.archaea, on the other hand, are a unique group of prokaryotes that have distinct characteristics from eubacteria. They were once classified as a type of bacteria, but later studies showed that they are more closely related to eukaryotes. Archaea can live in extreme environments, such as hot springs, hydrothermal vents, and salty lakes.

67. What is true for pili and flagella-like structures of bacteria?

• A. Both are same in size
• B. Both help in movement
• C. Both are composed of proteins
• D. All of the above options are correct

Explanation: Option A: This is not the correct option because pili are smaller than flagella.Option B: Flagella help in locomotion while pili are used in conjugation therefore this is not the correct option.Option C: This is the correct option. Flagella are made up of a protein called flagellin whereas pili are made of a protein called pilin.Option D: Option A and B are incorrect therefore this cannot be the correct option.

68. What is the structure in prokaryotic cells that often holds antibiotic resistance genes?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Plasmid
• C. Mitochondria
• D. Both Options A and B are correct

Explanation: Prokaryotes can also contain plasmids, which are much smaller circular pieces of DNA that often have genes that give antibiotic resistance.OPTION A: Prokaryotes have no nucleus they have nuclear material dispersed in their cytoplasm.OPTION B: Prokaryotes can also contain plasmids, which are much smaller circular pieces of DNA that often have genes that give antibiotic resistance.OPTION C: Prokaryotes lack mitochondria and instead produce their ATP on their cell surface membrane.OPTION D: As only option B is correct hence A and B cannot be correct.

69. Which of the following is true regarding the bacteria?

• A. Bacteria contain plasma membranes that are made up of triglycerides
• B. Gram staining reveals that bacteria contain cell walls, but no cell membranes
• C. Bacteria do not contain a membrane-bound nucleus, but they contain an non membrane-bound structure called the nucleoid
• D. All of these options are false

Explanation: Option A; All cells including bactria contain cell membrane but it is not made up of triglycerides.Option B: Gram staining tells us about the nature of cell wall gram positive and gram negative bacteria .It does not tell about cell membrane.Option C: Bacteria do not contain membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria or chloroplasts, as eukaryotes do. However, photosynthetic bacteria, such as cyanobacteria, may be filled with tightly packed folds of their outer

70. Which of the following is found in bacterial cells, but not in mature red blood cells?

• A. Nucleus
• B. DNA
• C. Cell membrane
• D. Mitochondria

Explanation: Although blood is an excellent source of DNA, the DNA does not come from the red blood cells, as these cells have no nuclei. Rather, the DNA comes chiefly from white blood cells in the blood