All Free Sociology MCQs with Answers

• A. Change
• B. Cultural diffusion
• C. both a and b
• D. None of these

Explanation: Strong conformity discourages departures from established norms, so such cultures are especially resistant to social change. Cultural diffusion may also be resisted, but the standard contrast is conformity versus change.

• A. cultural capital
• B. economic capital
• C. social capital
• D. symbolic capital

Explanation: Robert Putnam popularized social capital, meaning the networks, trust and shared norms that help people cooperate. Cultural, economic and symbolic capital are more closely associated with Pierre Bourdieu.

• A. de-differentiation
• B. network economy
• C. political corruption
• D. social capital

Explanation: Social capital refers to the benefits gained through relationships, contacts, trust, and social networks. The phrase “who you know” highlights access obtained through such connections rather than through knowledge alone.

• A. communicate instantly with people far away
• B. experience what its like to be a different gender
• C. interact in an unreal and alienated way
• D. communicate without non-verbal cues

Explanation: The internet compresses social distance by allowing people in geographically distant places to communicate almost instantly. The other options describe particular online experiences or limitations, not the main rearrangement of space-time.

• A. the familiar
• B. the exotic
• C. the historic
• D. the amusingSearch Public Records

Explanation: John Urry’s tourist gaze is socially organized through tourism institutions and experts, directing visitors toward sights presented as unusual or different from everyday life. Thus, tourists are typically encouraged to seek the exotic rather than the familiar.

• A. All possible cultural traits
• B. Most of the cultural traits
• C. None of the cultural traits
• D. None of these

Explanation: A model personality is an ideal-typical pattern that reflects the cultural traits commonly valued or displayed by members of a society. It need not include every possible trait, so “most” is more accurate than “all.”

• A. Adler
• B. Sutherland
• C. Lombroso
• D. Becker

Explanation: Cesare Lombroso is widely called the father of criminology because he made the criminal, rather than only the crime or law, the subject of systematic study. Sutherland and Becker are important later criminologists, while Adler is not associated with founding the discipline.

• A. White collar
• B. Public property
• C. Cyber
• D. Private property

Explanation: White-collar crime refers to financially motivated, usually non-violent offences committed in occupational or professional settings, and it commonly includes socio-economic crimes. Cybercrime is a method or setting of crime, not the general term for socio-economic offences.

• A. it involves only small amounts of money
• B. the proletariat can outsmart the bourgeoise
• C. the police turn a blind eye to corporate crime
• D. it goes undected in the context of everybody business transactions

Explanation: White-collar crime often remains hidden because it is embedded in routine business transactions and complex organisational records, making detection difficult. It is not necessarily limited to small sums, and police neglect is not the general explanation.

• A. recognized as breaking an important norm of behavior
• B. seen a temporary aberration from an otherwise normal character
• C. the first step in establishing a deviant career
• D. attributed to the person's genetic or anatomical make up

Explanation: When a deviant act is normalized, it may be treated as an unusual or temporary departure rather than evidence of a permanently deviant character. The other choices describe stronger labeling or biological explanations, not normalization.