All Free Sociology MCQs with Answers
Every Sociology question in the bank, across all chapters, each with the correct answer and a written explanation. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
1258 questions · page 29 of 126
281. The term terrorism has its origins in_____________?
- A. the Roman Empire
- B. Revolutionary France
- C. Nazi Germany
- D. the English Civil War
Explanation: The modern political use of terrorism is linked to the French Revolution, especially the Reign of Terror. The term originally referred to the use of terror by the revolutionary state against its opponents.
Correct answer: Revolutionary France282. Which approach holds that deviance is not a feature of a group or individual a process of interaction through which one group becomes defined as deviant ?
- A. labelling theory
- B. control theory
- C. functionalist theory
- D. conflict theory
Explanation: Labelling theory treats deviance as a product of social interaction: authorities or groups define certain people and acts as deviant. It therefore shifts attention from the act itself to who applies the label and with what consequences.
Correct answer: labelling theory283. Technological forms of surveillance have made it easier to_____________?
- A. access and exchange private information about consumers
- B. reduce prison overcrowding by the use of electronic tagging
- C. monitor employees' activities at work
- D. all of the above
Explanation: Digital surveillance supports all three practices: collecting consumer data, enforcing electronic tagging and monitoring workers. Since each is made easier by technological surveillance, the inclusive answer is appropriate.
Correct answer: all of the above284. According to Foucault carceral organizations________________?
- A. emphasized human relations and employee satisfaction
- B. increased the amount of power held by managers
- C. stripped inmates of their previous identities
- D. isolated people and put them under surveillance
Explanation: Foucault described carceral institutions as spaces where people are isolated, observed and disciplined through continuous surveillance. Stripping inmates of former identities can occur, but isolation and surveillance are the defining features here.
Correct answer: isolated people and put them under surveillance285. Patterns of drug use in Britain reveal that____________?
- A. it has increased and is no longer confined to a hedonistic youth subculture
- B. the most commonly used recreational drug is Ecstasy
- C. teenage girls are more likely to experiment with hard drugs than teenage boys
- D. despite a series of moral panics, the use of illegal drugs is very rare
Explanation: British drug-use patterns show that use expanded beyond a small hedonistic youth subculture. The other options are inaccurate because Ecstasy is not the most commonly used recreational drug, gender patterns vary, and illegal drug use is not rare.
Correct answer: it has increased and is no longer confined to a hedonistic youth subculture286. The work of Smart suggested that_____________?
- A. the rates of violent crime were similar for men and women
- B. women's sexual delinquency was more likely to be normalized than men's
- C. women's criminal behavior tended to reflect traditional gender roles
- D. all of the above
Explanation: Smart linked women's criminal behaviour to conventional gender expectations, such as offences arising from roles traditionally assigned to women. Violent-crime rates were not generally similar for men and women, so “all of the above” is incorrect.
Correct answer: women's criminal behavior tended to reflect traditional gender roles287. Which one of the following crime rates was higher in the United States than in Europe during the 1980s and 1990s ?
- A. murder
- B. rape
- C. robbery
- D. all of the above
Explanation: During the 1980s and 1990s, the United States recorded higher rates of murder, rape, and robbery than European countries. Therefore, the inclusive option is correct.
Correct answer: all of the above288. Which of the following is considered a white-collar crime ?
- A. consumer fraud
- B. bribery
- C. income tax evasion
- D. each of the above
Explanation: White-collar crime involves financially motivated offences committed in occupational or organisational settings, including consumer fraud, bribery, and tax evasion. Since each listed offence fits this category, “each of the above” is correct.
Correct answer: each of the above289. ________________ view standards of deviant behavior as merely reflecting cultural norms whereas __________ and _______________ theorists point out that the most powerful groups in a society can shape laws and standards and determine who is (or is not) prosecuted as a criminal ?
- A. conflict theorists' functionalists labelling
- B. labelling theorists conflict functionalist
- C. functionalists conflict labelling
- D. conflict theorists' labelling functionalist
Explanation: Functionalists generally treat deviance standards as expressions of shared cultural norms, while conflict and labelling theorists stress the power involved in defining and prosecuting crime. This gives the sequence functionalists, conflict, and labelling.
Correct answer: functionalists conflict labelling290. According to Merton the most common adaptation in the anomie theory of deviance is_____________?
- A. conformity
- B. innovation
- C. ritualism
- D. rebellion
Explanation: Merton regarded conformity as the most common adaptation because most people accept society's approved goals and legitimate means, even in an unequal system. Innovation accepts the goals but uses illegitimate means, making it a less common response.
Correct answer: conformity