Free Social Change and Development MCQs with Answers

• A. unemployment
• B. Inflation
• C. Poverty
• D. All of the above

Explanation: When population grows faster than jobs, incomes, and essential goods, it can increase unemployment, poverty, and price pressures such as inflation. The broad wording makes all three listed outcomes relevant.

• A. Available acreage
• B. Improved technology
• C. Motivation to achieve
• D. None of these

Explanation: Improved technology raises productivity, allowing food, goods, and services to grow alongside a rising population even when land is limited. Acreage alone cannot ensure economic growth because its output depends on technology and productivity.

• A. 35 years
• B. 75 years
• C. 100 years
• D. None of these

Explanation: The older demographic projection used in this item estimated a world-population doubling time of about 35 years, based on rapid population growth rates. Doubling time changes as fertility and mortality rates change, so this is a period-specific projection.

• A. 46
• B. 54
• C. 71
• D. 80

Explanation: The cited United Nations projection placed average global life expectancy at approximately 71 years by 2025. The figure reflects worldwide averages, which conceal substantial differences between countries and regions.

• A. acute infectious diseases such as typhus measles and cholera
• B. respiratory diseases such as pneumonia and asthma
• C. chronic degenerative diseases such as cancer heart disease and strokes
• D. too diverse to put into one category

Explanation: Stage 3 of the health transition is associated with chronic degenerative diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and strokes, as infectious diseases become less dominant. Acute infections are characteristic of earlier stages of the transition.

• A. increases in the age of marriage and the age at which childbearing begins
• B. there being fewer women of childbearing age than there were in the first half of the century
• C. errors in the measurement of birth rates and production of statistics
• D. the risk diseases caused by poverty poor housing and bad sanitation

Explanation: The general fertility rate declined as people married later and began childbearing at older ages, shortening the period available for having children. The other options do not explain the main demographic shift over this period.

• A. high birth-rates and death rates
• B. high birth-rates and low death rates
• C. low birth-rates and high death rates
• D. low birth-rates and low death rates

Explanation: In the final stage, both fertility and mortality are low because advanced healthcare and living standards reduce deaths while contraception and changing family preferences reduce births. This distinguishes it from the earlier transition stage, where birth rates remain high.

• A. 75
• B. 14
• C. 19
• D. 28

Explanation: The cited labour statistic is that approximately 75 percent of employees affected by downsizing find new jobs. The remaining figures are not the percentage given in this commonly reproduced question.

• A. women
• B. racial minorities
• C. ethnic minorities
• D. all of the above

Explanation: Workforce projections identify growth in the participation of women, racial minorities and ethnic minorities, so all three groups are included. The combined option is therefore broader than any single-group answer.

• A. coping illiteracy
• B. Eradicating poverty
• C. Controlling Population
• D. None of these

Explanation: Women’s education is strongly associated with later marriage, fewer and better-spaced births, and greater use of family planning, making it a major means of population control. It also helps reduce poverty and illiteracy, but those are broader indirect effects.