Free Social Change and Development MCQs with Answers

• A. developing countries
• B. peripheral countries
• C. globalizing countries
• D. newly industrializing countriesTrace Family History

Explanation: Newly industrializing countries are former Third World societies that have developed substantial industrial production and manufacturing sectors. Developing countries is a broader category and does not specifically indicate this industrial shift.

• A. 771 million to 7.1 billion
• B. 1.65 billion to 7.1 billion
• C. 771 million to 8.2 billion
• D. 1.65 million to 8.2 billion

Explanation: The global population was about 771 million around 1750 and reached approximately 7.1 billion by 2013. The other figures either use the wrong starting population or refer to a later projected total.

• A. deceleration
• B. diversification
• C. globalization
• D. feminization

Explanation: Castles and Miller identify globalization, acceleration, diversification and feminization as major migration tendencies. Deceleration is not part of this standard list, since migration has generally expanded and intensified.

• A. political oppression
• B. employment opportunities
• C. food shortages
• D. population pressures

Explanation: Employment opportunities attract people toward a destination and are therefore a pull factor. Political oppression, food shortages and population pressure push people away from their place of origin.

• A. Horticulture
• B. Agriculture
• C. Industrialization
• D. None of these

Explanation: Industrialization produces a highly specialized division of labor, with different workers performing separate tasks in complex production systems. Earlier societies had some specialization, but it became a defining feature of industrial society.

• A. Fertile crescent Region of Middle East
• B. East Asia
• C. Central and South America
• D. Southeast Asia

Explanation: The Fertile Crescent in the Middle East is the standard textbook location associated with the earliest development of agriculture and horticulture. This region provided fertile land and domesticated plants and animals suitable for settled production.

• A. Industrial agriculture
• B. Subsistence agriculture
• C. both a and b
• D. None of the above

Explanation: Industrial agriculture produces mainly for markets through mechanization and large-scale production, while subsistence agriculture is aimed primarily at meeting the producer's needs. Therefore both are recognized as major types of agriculture.

• A. Agriculturist and his/her family
• B. The population on village level
• C. The larger part of population
• D. None of these

Explanation: Subsistence agriculture is production mainly for the farmer or agriculturist and the household's direct consumption, with little surplus for sale. Supplying a whole village or the larger population describes commercial or market-oriented agriculture more closely.

• A. countries that industrialized after those in Europe
• B. countries that industrialized less successfully than Europe
• C. countries that industrialized under state central planning
• D. countries that have yet to proceed to industrialize

Explanation: Second World societies traditionally referred to socialist countries whose economies industrialized under centralized state planning, especially the former Soviet bloc. The First World was associated with capitalist industrial countries, while the Third World referred broadly to less-industrialized countries.

• A. in Europe during 18th and 19th centuries
• B. in America in 20th century
• C. in Asia in 17th century
• D. None of theseAccess Government Careers

Explanation: The First Industrial Revolution began in Britain and spread through Europe during the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, driven by mechanisation, factories and steam power. The twentieth-century American industrial changes belong to a later phase.